International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) Trainer Practice Exam

What is kyphosis characterized by?

1. Exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine

2. Exaggerated anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column

3. Flattening of the lumbar spine

4. Compression of intervertebral discs

The correct answer is: Exaggerated anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column

Kyphosis is characterized by an exaggerated anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column. This condition typically presents as a hunchback appearance due to the excessive rounding of the upper back. In a normal spine, the thoracic region has a natural curvature, but in kyphosis, this curvature is amplified beyond the normal range, leading to a noticeable postural change. Understanding kyphosis is important because it can result from various factors, including poor posture, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, or developmental issues. The condition can lead to discomfort and affect overall mobility, making it vital for fitness professionals to recognize and address it when designing training programs for clients. The other options describe different spinal conditions and not kyphosis specifically. For example, an exaggerated lateral curvature describes scoliosis, flattening of the lumbar spine relates to conditions like flat back syndrome, and compression of intervertebral discs pertains to disc-related issues, which do not define kyphosis itself.